Here I’ll show you how to get SQL Server up and running on your Mac in less than half an hour. And the best part is, you’ll have SQL Server running locally without needing any virtualization software.

Prior to SQL Server 2017, if you wanted to run SQL Server on your Mac, you first had to create a virtual machine (using VirtualBox, Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, or Bootcamp), then install Windows onto that VM, then finally SQL Server. This is still a valid option depending on your requirements (here’s how to install SQL Server on a Mac with VirtualBox if you’d like to try that method).

Microsoft SQL Server JDBC for macOS. This tutorial shows how to set up a data source and connect to a Microsoft ® SQL Server ® database using the Database Explorer app or the command line. This tutorial uses the Microsoft JDBC Driver 4.0 for Microsoft SQL Server to connect to a Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Express database.

Starting with SQL Server 2017, you can now install SQL Server directly on to a Linux machine. And because macOS is Unix based (and Linux is Unix based), you can run SQL Server for Linux on your Mac. The way to do this is to run SQL Server on Docker.

So let’s go ahead and install Docker. Then we’ll download and install SQL Server.

1. Install Docker

   Download the (free) Docker Community Edition for Mac (unless you’ve already got it installed on your system). This will enable you to run SQL Server from within a Docker container.

   To download, visit the Docker CE for Mac download page and click Get Docker.

   To install, double-click on the .dmg file and then drag the Docker.app icon to your Application folder.

   What is Docker?

   Docker is a platform that enables software to run in its own isolated environment. SQL Server (from 2017) can be run on Docker in its own isolated container. Once Docker is installed, you simply download — or “pull” — the SQL Server on Linux Docker Image to your Mac, then run it as a Docker container. This container is an isolated environment that contains everything SQL Server needs to run.

2. Launch Docker

   Launch Docker the same way you’d launch any other application (eg, via the Applications folder, the Launchpad, etc).

   When you open Docker, you might be prompted for your password so that Docker can install its networking components and links to the Docker apps. Go ahead and provide your password, as Docker needs this to run.

3. Increase the Memory

   By default, Docker will have 2GB of memory allocated to it. SQL Server needs at least 3.25GB. To be safe, increase it to 4GB if you can.

   To do this:

   1. Select Preferences from the little Docker icon in the top menu
   2. Slide the memory slider up to at least 4GB
   3. Click Apply & Restart

4. Download SQL Server

   Now that Docker is installed and its memory has been increased, we can download and install SQL Server for Linux.

   Open a Terminal window and run the following command.

   This downloads the latest SQL Server 2019 for Linux Docker image to your computer.

   You can also check for the latest container version on the Docker website if you wish.

   Update: When I first wrote this article, I used the following image:

   Which downloaded SQL Server 2017. Therefore, the examples below reflect that version.

5. Launch the Docker Image

   Run the following command to launch an instance of the Docker image you just downloaded:

   But of course, use your own name and password. Also, if you downloaded a different Docker image, replace microsoft/mssql-server-linux with the one you downloaded.

   Here’s an explanation of the parameters:

   -d

   This optional parameter launches the Docker container in daemon mode. This means that it runs in the background and doesn’t need its own Terminal window open. You can omit this parameter to have the container run in its own Terminal window.

   --name sql_server_demo

   Another optional parameter. This parameter allows you to name the container. This can be handy when stopping and starting your container from the Terminal.

   -e 'ACCEPT_EULA=Y'

   The Y shows that you agree with the EULA (End User Licence Agreement). This is required in order to have SQL Server for Linux run on your Mac.

   -e 'SA_PASSWORD=reallyStrongPwd123'

   Required parameter that sets the sa database password.

   -p 1433:1433

   This maps the local port 1433 to port 1433 on the container. This is the default TCP port that SQL Server uses to listen for connections.

   microsoft/mssql-server-linux

   This tells Docker which image to use. If you downloaded a different one, use it instead.

   Password Strength

   If you get the following error at this step, try again, but with a stronger password.

   I received this error when using reallyStrongPwd as the password (but of course, it’s not a really strong password!). I was able to overcome this by adding some numbers to the end. However, if it wasn’t just a demo I’d definitely make it stronger than a few dictionary words and numbers.

6. Check the Docker container (optional)

   You can type the following command to check that the Docker container is running.

   If it’s up and running, it should return something like this:

7. Install sql-cli (unless already installed)

   Run the following command to install the sql-cli command line tool. This tool allows you to run queries and other commands against your SQL Server instance.

   This assumes you have NodeJs installed. If you don’t, download it from Nodejs.org first. Installing NodeJs will automatically install npm which is what we use in this command to install sql-cli.

   Permissions Error?

   If you get an error, and part of it reads something like Please try running this command again as root/Administrator, try again, but this time prepend sudo to your command:

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8. Connect to SQL Server

   Now that sql-cli is installed, we can start working with SQL Server via the Terminal window on our Mac.

   Connect to SQL Server using the mssql command, followed by the username and password parameters.

   You should see something like this:

   This means you’ve successfully connected to your instance of SQL Server.

9. Run a Quick Test

   Run a quick test to check that SQL Server is up and running and you can query it.

   For example, you can run the following command to see which version of SQL Server your running:

   If it’s running, you should see something like this (but of course, this will depend on which version you’re running):

   If you see a message like this, congratulations — SQL Server is now up and running on your Mac!

A SQL Server GUI for your Mac – Azure Data Studio

Azure Data Studio (formerly SQL Operations Studio) is a free GUI management tool that you can use to manage SQL Server on your Mac. You can use it to create and manage databases, write queries, backup and restore databases, and more.

Azure Data Studio is available on Windows, Mac and Linux.

Here are some articles/tutorials I’ve written for Azure Data Studio:

Another Free SQL Server GUI – DBeaver

Another SQL Server GUI tool that you can use on your Mac (and Windows/Linux/Solaris) is DBeaver.

DBeaver is a free, open source database management tool that can be used on most database management systems (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQLite, Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, Sybase, Microsoft Access, Teradata, Firebird, Derby, and more).

DBeaver using the “Dark” theme.

I wrote a little introduction to DBeaver, or you can go straight to the DBeaver download page and try it out with your new SQL Server installation.

Limitations of SQL Server for Linux/Mac

SQL Server 2017 for Linux does have some limitations (at least, in its initial release). The Linux release doesn’t include many of the extra services that are available in the Windows release, such as Analysis Services, Reporting Services, etc. Here’s a list of what’s available and what’s not on SQL Server 2017 for Linux.

Another limitation is that SQL Server Management Studio is not available on Mac or Linux. SSMS a full-blown GUI management for SQL Server, and it provides many more features than Azure Data Studio and DBeaver (at least at the time of writing). You can still use SSMS on a Windows machine to connect to SQL Server on a Linux or Mac machine, but you just can’t install it locally on the Linux or Mac machine.

If you need any of the features not supported in SQL Server for Linux, you’ll need SQL Server for Windows. However, you can still run SQL Server for Windows on your Mac by using virtualization software. Here’s how to install SQL Server for Windows on a Mac using VirtualBox.

The following instructions assume you already have a SQL Server database running somewhere that your Mac has network access to. Just FYI, Microsoft's instructions for installing the latest drivers are here.

Install FreeTDS and unixODBC

The connection to SQL Server will be made using the unixODBC driver manager and the FreeTDS driver. Installing them is most easily done using homebrew, the Mac package manager:

Edit the freetds.conf configuration file

Ensure the freetds.conf file is located in directory /usr/local/etc/, which will be a symlink to the actual file as installed by Homebrew. Check the specific location of the freetds.conf file by running tsql -C. The default file already contains a standard example configuration, but all you need to do is add your server information to the end, as follows:

There are other key/value pairs that can be added but this shouldn't usually be necessary, see here for details. The host parameter should be either the network name (or IP address) of the database server, or 'localhost' if SQL Server is running directly on your Mac (e.g. using Docker). A TDS version of 7.3 should be OK for SQL Server 2008 and newer, but bear in mind you might need a different value for older versions of SQL Server. For more information on TDS protocol versions see Choosing a TDS protocol version. Do not use TDS versions 8.0 or 9.0 though. Oddly, they are not newer than version 7.4. They are actually obsolete aliases for older TDS versions and their use is discouraged.

Test the connection using the tsql utility, e.g. tsql -S MYMSSQL -U myuser -P mypassword. If this works, you should see the following:

At this point you can run SQL queries, e.g. 'SELECT @@VERSION' but you'll need to enter 'GO' on a separate line to actually execute the query. Type exit to get out of the interactive session.

Edit the odbcinst.ini and odbc.ini configuration files

Run odbcinst -j to get the location of the odbcinst.ini and odbc.ini files (probably in the directory /usr/local/etc/). Edit odbcinst.ini to include the following:

Edit odbc.ini to include the following:

Note, the 'Driver' is the name of the entry in odbcinst.ini, and the 'Servername' is the name of the entry in freetds.conf (not a network name). There are other key/value pairs that can be included, see here for details.

Check that all is OK by running isql MYMSSQL myuser mypassword. You should see the following:

You can enter SQL queries at this point if you like. Type quit to exit the interactive session.

Connect with pyodbc

It should now be possible to connect to your SQL Server database using pyodbc, for example:

Connecting without defining a DSN

If you don't want to define a DSN in odbc.ini, you can reference the driver entry you added to odbcinst.ini.

E.g.:

Note: in this case you may need to specify all necessary TDS parameters in pyodbc.connect.

Connecting without modifying odbcinst.ini or odbc.ini

If you want to avoid modifying both odbc.ini and odbcinst.ini, you can just specify the driver file location in the driver param in pyodbc.connect.

E.g.: